The One-Legged Thunder Beast of Flowing-Wave Mountain
Seven thousand li out in the Eastern Sea rises Flowing-Wave Mountain, and on it lives a beast shaped like an ox: grey-blue body, no horns, a single leg. When it enters or leaves the water there is always wind and rain; its body shines like the sun and moon and its voice is thunder. Its name is Kui. The Yellow Emperor captured it, stretched its hide over a drum, and beat it with a bone of the thunder-beast for a drumstick — the sound carried five hundred li and awed all under heaven. One hide became the loudest war-drum of antiquity.
The phrase 'Kui has one foot' sparked a famous debate. In the Lüshi Chunqiu, Duke Ai of Lu asks Confucius whether the music master Kui really had only one leg. Confucius answers that Kui was Shun's master of music, and Shun had said 'one Kui is enough (yi zu)' — a pun on 'one foot'. The one-legged sea-beast and the court musician who set the hundred beasts dancing share a name, and Warring States thinkers were already untangling them.
The Shuowen dictionary classes Kui as a mountain demon 'like a dragon, with one foot'; in the Zhuangzi the one-legged Kui envies the many-legged millipede. On Shang and Zhou bronzes, the sinuous one-legged dragon pattern was named the 'kui motif' by later antiquarians, fixing the thunder-beast's silhouette on ritual vessels.
